• Brittany (?)
• Western Francia (?)

Unknown

• Liturgy

Fragment from a ninth-century Antiphonary.

• Possibly written in Brittany
• Contains Breton neumes

This important fragment is the fly-leaf of a thirteenth-century MS containing Ovid's Fasti. The fragment in question comes from a small antiphonary, dating probably from the ninth century (second third according to Kat. §3773; second quarter according to Rankin 2018: 101). The possible attribution to Brittany is based on the presence of Breton neumes—this fragment is indeed one of the earliest known examples of neumatic notation tout court (cf. Deuffic 2011: 71; Rankin 2018: 50, 151). However, we now know that the presence of this type of musical notation in ninth-century MSS can be taken at best as an indication of an origin somewhere in Western Francia, especially in the region west of Tours, including Brittany (cf. Rankin 2018: 99).

Deuffic 2011: 71; Huglo 1963: 67; ILLB In2; MMOL; PMSB 307 (§67); Rankin 2018: 36 (n. 140), 50, 99, 101, 151–2, 355 (plate of fol. 1).